Google Maps Javascript API from google.com doesn’t work in China as most of Google is blocked (https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js)
Google China stopped supporting the Chinese Google Maps API since Feb 2020 (https://maps.googleapis.cn/maps/api/js)
The available solutions you can find online (e.g. from Stackoverflow) became obsolete as of today (July 19, 2020)
The Solution
Be warned: this is a hack and may stop working at anytime. Use at your own risk.
The solution has been working fine for me for the past month or so (demo):
In general,
Download https://google.cn/maps/api/js?key=YOUR_API_KEY as a Javascript file.
Open it and replace maps.google.cn with google.cn.
Host the modified Javascript on your website and use the API normally.
THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT: after some time the Javascript will expire and stop working, so you have to start from step 1 again. I ended up automating the process in my Rails app.
OPTIONAL BUT ALSO IMPORTANT: you may want to figure out a way to restrict the access to the modified Javascript. Otherwise someone may abuse it and it’s you who needs to pay the bill.